1250-1269 Baghdad Falls, Germans Unpopular in Rome
This twenty year period covers the reign of Henry III of England and the Mongol capture of Baghdad in 1258.
In this period the longest period of relative world peace and safety was in the first eight years to the Capture of Baghdad, then came the 1262-1267 Berke-Hulagu war, the 1264-1267 Second Barons' War and the 1265-1266 Aragonese-French War.
InRome , Innocent IV was pope and the Holy Roman
Emperor was Frederick .
In this period the longest period of relative world peace and safety was in the first eight years to the Capture of Baghdad, then came the 1262-1267 Berke-Hulagu war, the 1264-1267 Second Barons' War and the 1265-1266 Aragonese-French War.
In
Innocent was succeeded by Pope Alexander IV and Conrad by his young son Conradin who was a ward of the papacy.
Alexander took advantage of the situation to try to rid
Italy of German kings.
Thekingdom of Sicily Sicily
and pronounce himself as King of Sicily.
Pope Alexander died in 1261 and was replaced by Urban IV who offeredSicily to Louis IX's
younger brother, Charles of Anjou, on condition of payment of a lump sum of
money and annual tribute.
Manfred retaliated, attacked the papal states and the Pope fled to Perugia where he died in 1264, replaced by Clement IV who, like Urban, was a Frenchman and urged Charles of Anjou to hurry to Italy with a French army.
Manfred was defeated in 1266 and by then his brother, Conradin, had come of age. When Conradin claimed his heritage he was beheaded by Charles of Anjou, leaving Pope Clement IV to realize he had merely exchanged German domination with French domination.
In 1267 the eastern emperor Michael Palaeologus renewed his earlier suggestion to reunite the eastern and western churches -- this time with the Roman Pope in supremacy-- but Clement, with Charles of Anjou's encouragement, wanted to conquerConstantinople by force and make it a
Roman city.
Coincidentally, in 1250 arsenic was discovered by Albertus Magnus and became a favorite form of poisoning from then on.
The
Pope Alexander died in 1261 and was replaced by Urban IV who offered
Manfred retaliated, attacked the papal states and the Pope fled to Perugia where he died in 1264, replaced by Clement IV who, like Urban, was a Frenchman and urged Charles of Anjou to hurry to Italy with a French army.
Manfred was defeated in 1266 and by then his brother, Conradin, had come of age. When Conradin claimed his heritage he was beheaded by Charles of Anjou, leaving Pope Clement IV to realize he had merely exchanged German domination with French domination.
In 1267 the eastern emperor Michael Palaeologus renewed his earlier suggestion to reunite the eastern and western churches -- this time with the Roman Pope in supremacy-- but Clement, with Charles of Anjou's encouragement, wanted to conquer
Coincidentally, in 1250 arsenic was discovered by Albertus Magnus and became a favorite form of poisoning from then on.
Labels: 1250, albertus magnus, arensic, capture of baghdad, charles of anjou, conradin, henry iii, innocent iv, manfred
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